北京环球教育：雅思阅读必考的五大“微转换”

　　微博、微信、微电影、微课堂……我们这个时代是“微时代”。那么，在雅思阅读的教学中还有个“微转换”说法。

　　微转换指的什么呢？微转换与雅思阅读分数有什么关系吗？下面跟随环球教育北京学校宋美丽老师一起来揭开“微时代”背景下雅思阅读中“微转换”的神秘面纱。

　　众所周知，雅思阅读考察的核心是同义转换，包括时间转换、语态转换、同根词转换、时态转换、语法结构转换……接下来，我们一起看看剑桥真题里的“微转换”。

　　环球教育北京学校宋美丽老师

　　1.时间的微转换

　　剑桥雅思10 Test 1 Passage 1

　　〖题干〗Q2 Size of fires: 2……….greater on average than two decades ago.

　　〖原文〗Megafires, also called 'siege fires', are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500, 000 acres or more -10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago.

　　〖微转换〗考生拿到这道题，按照定位法先定位，首先选数字two decades作为定位词，如果我们只用two decades去定位，那么原文里根本没出现原词。我们必须知道two decades有可能进行微转换成20 years，这样就能定位到了。

　　2.语态的微转换

　　剑桥雅思7 Test 1 Passage 1

　　〖题干〗Q11 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because ……are not used in their navigation system.

　　〖原文〗It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they do not use radio waves.

　　〖微转换〗此题题干是一般现在时的被动结构are not used ,原文相对应的是主动结构do not use.这里体现的是主动语态和被动语态的转换。

　　3.同根词的微转换

　　剑桥雅思7 Test 3 Passage 1

　　〖题干〗 Q8和Q9 They use their own natural 8 ….. as weed-killers and also use unwanted materials as 9 …..

　　〖原文〗Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as 'weeds', and spread waste to fertilize the crop.

　　〖微转换〗此题体现同根词的转换secrete=secretion( secrete是动词意为“分泌”，secretion是名词意为“分泌物”)；fertilize=fertilizer(fertilize是动词意为“使……肥沃”，fertilizer是名词意为“化肥，肥料”)；

　　4.时态的微转换

　　剑桥雅思9 Test 1 Passage 1

　　〖题干〗Q 13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?

　　〖原文〗And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.

　　〖微转换〗此题题干里的is now being targeted是现在进行时被动语态，与原文current进行微转换，current意为“当前”。

　　5.语法结构的微转换

　　剑桥雅思6 Test 2 Passage 2

　　〖题干〗Q 21和Q22 It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21...........which means that the 22.........involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.

　　〖原文〗That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population.

　　〖微转换〗此题体现了语法中最基本的规则：若干个形容词共同修饰一个名词，剑桥出题者通常把其中一个形容词放到名词后面以定语从句形式出现做定语。

　　笔者给烤鸭们总结个简单的公式：adj.1+adj.2+n=adj.2+n+who+be+adj.1=disabled old people=elderly people who are disabled

　　以上是环球教育北京学校宋美丽老师为大家总结的一些“微转换”例题。还有一些“微转换”，笔者将在课堂上给大家讲解，欢迎大家走进环球教育。我们一起备战雅思，与雅思顺利分手。